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Users Manual for Program KPF
Table of Contents
Introduction
Wheel profile input data
Rail profile input data
Command line options
Input data commands
Error messages
Output data
Examples
Introduction
KPF is an abbreviation from Swedish for C(K)ontact Point Function.
The program creates wheel-rail geometry functions to be used in Gensys.
It creates the functions from measured or designed wheel and rail profiles.
The program reads wheel and rail profiles from files where the data are organized in a standardized way.
These input files are described in sects. 2) and 3) below.
Wheel profile input data
The wheel profile is described in Y- and Z- coordinates.
Positive direction for the Y-coordinate is toward the center of the track for both wheels.
Positive direction for the Z-coordinate is downwards.
The origin of the Y-coordinates should be at the radius where the wheel diameter of the wheel is measured,
this diameter is sometimes also called "The Nominal Running Circle".
For normal gauge tracks, the following is valid:
Lateral semi-spacing between the wheels = 680 mm
Lateral distance between inside of the wheel and "The Nominal Running Circle" = 70 mm
Lateral semi-spacing between "The Nominal Running Circles" = 750 mm
Example of an input data file describing a wheel profile:
-60.00000 -2.63568
-59.90000 -2.62901 # Start as far out on the tread as possible.
-59.80000 -2.62234
-59.70000 -2.61568
-59.60000 -2.60901
-59.50000 -2.60234
-59.40000 -2.59568
-59.30000 -2.58901
-59.20000 -2.58234
-59.10000 -2.57568
-59.00000 -2.56901
-58.90000 -2.56234
-58.80000 -2.55568
-58.70000 -2.54901
-58.60000 -2.54234
-58.50000 -2.53568
-58.40000 -2.52901
-58.30000 -2.52234
. .
. .
. .
-0.60000 -0.01959
-0.50000 -0.01640
-0.40000 -0.01319
-0.30000 -0.00994
-0.20000 -0.00665
-0.10000 -0.00334
0.00000 0.00000 # <- Nominal running circle of the wheel (origin)
0.10000 0.00337 # Defined to be at distance IWHEEL_TO_ORIGO from inside wheel.
0.20000 0.00678 # The profile can laterally be shifted with input data
0.30000 0.01022 # variable WPROF_LAT_SHIFT.
0.40000 0.01369
0.50000 0.01719
0.60000 0.02072
. .
. .
. .
68.80000 16.43012
68.90000 16.14421
69.00000 15.84381
69.10000 15.52675
69.20000 15.19024
69.30000 14.83057
69.40000 14.44267
69.50000 14.01926
69.60000 13.54915 # If the wheel profile is described to the
69.70000 13.01354 # inside of the wheel, a derailment situation
69.80000 12.37583 # can be analysed.
69.90000 11.54163
Rail profile input data
The rail profile is described in Y- and Z- coordinates.
Positive direction for the Y-coordinate is toward the center of the track for both rails.
Positive direction for the Z-coordinate is downwards.
The origin of the Y-coordinates should be located at the same lateral spacing as for the wheelset
("The Nominal Running Circle"), if the lateral spacing between the two rails are correct.
If the rails are worn in a way so the gauge has been changed,
the location of the origin of the coordinate system of the rail should move the same distance,
because gauge deviation should be considered as a track alignment irregularity.
Therefore is the origin of the rail profile is defined relative to the gauge measuring point.
The gauge measuring point of the rail is defined as follows:
the gauge measuring points are the two points on right and left rail
located in a vertical interval between top of rail and 14 mm below top of rail
which are closest to each other.
For normal gauge tracks, the following is valid:
Lateral semi-spacing between the gauge measuring points = 717.5 mm
Lateral distance between the gauge measuring point and origin = 32.5 mm
Lateral semi-spacing between "The Nominal Running Circles" = 750 mm
Example of an input data file describing a rail profile:
-4.09200E+01 3.38029E+01
-4.09000E+01 3.35366E+01 # Data start on the rail head, as far out
-4.08800E+01 3.32703E+01 # from track center line as possible.
-4.08600E+01 3.30041E+01
-4.08400E+01 3.27379E+01
-4.08200E+01 3.24716E+01
-4.08000E+01 3.22053E+01
-4.07800E+01 3.19390E+01
-4.07600E+01 3.16727E+01
-4.07400E+01 3.14064E+01
-4.07200E+01 3.11401E+01
-4.07000E+01 3.08739E+01
-4.06800E+01 3.06076E+01
-4.06600E+01 3.03413E+01
-4.06400E+01 3.00750E+01
-4.06200E+01 2.98087E+01
-4.06000E+01 2.95424E+01
-4.05800E+01 2.92761E+01
-4.05600E+01 2.90099E+01
. .
. .
. .
-1.07400E+01 -1.84914E-01
-1.07200E+01 -1.84927E-01
-1.07000E+01 -1.84939E-01
-1.06800E+01 -1.84949E-01
-1.06600E+01 -1.84957E-01
-1.06400E+01 -1.84965E-01
-1.06200E+01 -1.84972E-01
-1.06000E+01 -1.84978E-01
-1.05800E+01 -1.84981E-01
-1.05600E+01 -1.84984E-01
-1.05400E+01 -1.84984E-01 # <- Top of rail
-1.05200E+01 -1.84984E-01
-1.05000E+01 -1.84982E-01
-1.04800E+01 -1.84980E-01
-1.04600E+01 -1.84976E-01
-1.04400E+01 -1.84970E-01
-1.04200E+01 -1.84963E-01
-1.04000E+01 -1.84954E-01
-1.03800E+01 -1.84945E-01
-1.03600E+01 -1.84934E-01
-1.03400E+01 -1.84922E-01
-1.03200E+01 -1.84909E-01
-1.03000E+01 -1.84894E-01
. .
. .
. .
-2.80000E-01 -9.70667E-03
-2.60000E-01 -9.02203E-03
-2.40000E-01 -8.33606E-03
-2.20000E-01 -7.64875E-03
-2.00000E-01 -6.96009E-03
-1.80000E-01 -6.27011E-03
-1.60000E-01 -5.57879E-03
-1.40000E-01 -4.88614E-03
-1.20000E-01 -4.19215E-03
-1.00000E-01 -3.49683E-03
-8.00000E-02 -2.80017E-03
-6.00000E-02 -2.10217E-03
-4.00000E-02 -1.40283E-03
-2.00000E-02 -7.02173E-04
0.00000E+00 -1.63913E-07 # <- Nominal running circle of the rail (origin)
2.00000E-02 7.03178E-04 # Defined to be at distance GAUGE_TO_ORIGO
4.00000E-02 1.40785E-03 # from the gauge measuring point
6.00000E-02 2.11386E-03
8.00000E-02 2.82121E-03
1.00000E-01 3.52990E-03
1.20000E-01 4.23991E-03
1.40000E-01 4.95126E-03
1.60000E-01 5.66395E-03
1.80000E-01 6.37798E-03
2.00000E-01 7.09335E-03
2.20000E-01 7.81005E-03
2.40000E-01 8.52808E-03
2.60000E-01 9.24746E-03
2.80000E-01 9.96816E-03
. .
. .
. .
3.23000E+01 1.26487E+01
3.23200E+01 1.27417E+01
3.23400E+01 1.28383E+01
3.23600E+01 1.29387E+01
3.23800E+01 1.30435E+01
3.24000E+01 1.31533E+01
3.24200E+01 1.32690E+01
3.24400E+01 1.33913E+01
3.24600E+01 1.35218E+01
3.24800E+01 1.36622E+01
3.25000E+01 1.38150E+01 # <- Gauge measuring point 14 mm under top of rail
3.25200E+01 1.39845E+01 # Measured by a track recording vehicle
3.25400E+01 1.41774E+01
3.25600E+01 1.44078E+01
3.25800E+01 1.47174E+01
3.26000E+01 1.52784E+01
3.26200E+01 1.60357E+01
3.26400E+01 1.68367E+01
3.26600E+01 1.76377E+01
3.26800E+01 1.84385E+01
3.27000E+01 1.92394E+01
3.27200E+01 2.00402E+01 # Data ends on the rail head, as far
3.27400E+01 2.08412E+01 # to the track center line as possible.
3.27600E+01 2.16420E+01 # If the inside of the rail have a vertical
3.27800E+01 2.24429E+01 # slope manually a fake point can be given
3.28000E+01 2.32438E+01 # several meters under the ground
Command line options
For program KPF a number of command line options are available.
The user can put his or hers favorite options in a file named .gen_conf.
Program KPF searches primarily for the .gen_conf-file in the local
working directory.
If the file not can be found in the local working directory,
program KPF searches for the .gen_conf-file in the users home-directory.
At last if no .gen_conf-file can be found program KPF reads the file
$gensys/scripts/gen_conf.
Following options are understood:
| -help |
= |
Print this help information |
| -overwrite |
= |
Overwrite old results without questions. |
| -qident |
= |
Ask for an ident before starting the execution |
| -qread_runf |
= |
Ask if a new input data file shall be opened in an editor
before execution. |
| |
|
|
| arg(1) |
= |
Input data file |
| arg(2) |
= |
Ident |
All of the above options can be given with the prefix no_.
If the prefix no_ has been given,
the opposite meaning of the option will apply.
Input data commands
Summary of all commands:
| BO2 |
= |
Nominal contact patches distance
|
| BO_MEASURED_AXLE |
= |
Defines the lateral semi spacing between the contact points on measured axle. |
| BL_AXLE |
= |
Defines the lateral semi spacing between the journals. |
| BL_MEASURED_AXLE |
= |
Defines the lateral semi spacing between the journals on measured wheelset. |
| C_FILE |
= |
Output file for average radius of contact area. |
| CHI_MEASURED_AXLE |
= |
Angle chi between a vertical line and the profile measuring device. |
| CONN_BEG_RIGHT |
= |
Lateral start displacement, when creating the connection diagram; right side
|
| CONN_BEG_LEFT |
= |
Lateral start displacement, when creating the connection diagram; left side
|
| CONN_END_RIGHT |
= |
Lateral stop displacement, when creating the connection diagram; right side
|
| CONN_END_LEFT |
= |
Lateral stop displacement, when creating the connection diagram; left side
|
| DYEFFCON |
= |
Vector containing wheelset lateral amplitudes for which wheelset conicities shall be calculated. |
| EOF |
= |
Command which terminates further input data reading |
| E_MODULUS |
= |
The combined modulus of elasticity in wheel and rail. |
| FZHR |
= |
Vertical load used for smoothening the surface of wheel and rail. |
| FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE |
= |
Vertical wheel load acting on the wheelset during wheel profile measurements. |
| FI_AXLE_FILE |
= |
Output file for the rolling motion of the axle. |
| FITEPS |
= |
Permitted maximum error between calculated points and regression curve. |
| GAUGE_EFFCON |
= |
Vector containing different gauges for which wheelset conicities shall be calculated. |
| GAUGE_TO_ORIGO |
= |
The distance between the gauge measuring point and the origin of the rail profile. |
| HFIL |
= |
The input data file for the wheel profiles. |
| I2KP |
= |
Flag controlling the number of simultaneous contact areas. |
| IDENT |
= |
Three ident lines written to output lists and plots. |
| IBORDER |
= |
Flag, indicating how the boundaries on rail- and wheel profiles shall be treated. |
| ILASER |
= |
Indicator for writing the graphs to a printer. |
| INTP_STEP |
= |
Lateral steps when moving the axle over the track. |
| IPLOT_GRID |
= |
Flag controlling the plotting of grid patterns. |
| IPLOT_LTHICK |
= |
Setting the line thickness in the output diagrams. |
| IPLOT_SIGMA |
= |
Flag controlling the plotting of the size of the contact point and the maximum contact pressure. |
| IPLOT3 |
= |
Flag controlling the plotting of contact pressure and connection diagrams. |
| IPLOTG |
= |
Flag controlling the plotting of wheel and rail geometries. |
| IPLOTK |
= |
Flag controlling the plotting of wheel/rail-geometry functions. |
| IROLL |
= |
Flag governing if the roll motion of the wheelset shall be considered. |
| IWHEEL_SPACING |
= |
Inside wheels lateral spacing
|
| IWHEEL_TO_ORIGO |
= |
Distance from inside wheel to the origin of the wheel profile. |
| IZERO |
= |
Flag that controls the zero-setting of DRFN and ZFN. |
| KPFR_FILE |
= |
Output file for the created wheel-rail geometry functions. |
| KPFR_TYPE |
= |
Type of kpfr-file to be written. |
| LAMBDA_FILE |
= |
Conicity table output file. |
| POISSON |
= |
The combined Poisson's ratio in wheel and rail. |
| POSTFI |
= |
Graphical output file to be sent to the printer. |
| PRE_CONTACT_P |
= |
Wheelset angle of attack written to file pre_contactf
|
| PRE_CONTACT_Y |
= |
Wheelset lateral displacement written to file pre_contactf
|
| R_AXLE |
= |
Defines the radius of the axle of the wheelset. |
| R_LAT_FILE |
= |
Output file for the lateral radiuses in the contact point. |
| R_MEASURED_AXLE |
= |
Defines the radius of the axle on the measured wheelset. |
| R_WHEEL |
= |
Defines the nominal radius of the wheels on the wheelset. |
| RFIL |
= |
Input data file containing the description of the rail profiles. |
| RLFILE |
= |
Input data file separate for the left rail profile. |
| RRFILE |
= |
Input data file separate for the right rail profile. |
| RR_RL_FILE |
= |
Output file for the rolling radius differences. |
| SIGMA_FILE |
= |
Output file for maximum contact stress. |
| SYMBOLS_CPF |
= |
Symbols to be plotted at each calculation point; contact point #2. |
| SYMBOLS_CPF_KPFR |
= |
Symbols to be plotted at each point in the wheel-rail geometry function; contact point #2. |
| SYMBOLS_CPT |
= |
Symbols to be plotted at each calculation point; contact point #1. |
| SYMBOLS_CPT_KPFR |
= |
Symbols to be plotted at each point in the wheel-rail geometry function; contact point #1.
|
| UIC519_FILE |
= |
UIC519 conicity table output file.
|
| WPROF_LAT_SHIFT |
= |
Shift the wheel profile in lateral direction
|
| WLFILE |
= |
Input data file separate for the left wheel profile.
|
| WRFILE |
= |
Input data file separate for the right wheel profile.
|
| X_MID |
= |
Sets the value of the X-axis at the midpoint of the axis. |
| XINT/CM |
= |
Sets the scale factor in X-direction
|
| Y_CP1 |
= |
Lateral shift of wheelset, where tread point contact is present.
|
| YH2CP |
= |
Lateral coordinate on the wheel which separates the tread contact
surface from the flange contact surface. |
Below follows a description of all input commands in alphabetical order and
their default values:
ALWAYS_WRITE_CPF
- If ALWAYS_WRITE_CPF sets equal to 'yes' program KPF will always write a second
contact point to the wheel-rail geometry function.
If there is no real second contact point program KPF will create a second contact point
that never will be in contact.
If ALWAYS_WRITE_CPF sets equal to 'no' program KPF will automatically choose if a
second contact point shall be written or not, depending on the shape of the wheel and
rail geometries.
If you manually wants to add a fake flange,
into an already existing wheel/rail-geometry file you can add the following text
in your kpfr-file:
func intpl_r cpf_$1.drfn
6.5E-03 0.
18.0E-03 0.
func intpl_r cpf_$1.gamfn
6.5E-03 0.
18.0E-03 0.
func intpl_r cpf_$1.zfn
5.5E-03 1.
6.5E-03 1.
99.0E-03 1.
100.E-03 1.
func intpl_r cpf_$1.rofn
6.5E-03 0.
18.0E-03 0.
func intpl_r cpf_$1.poswfn
6.5E-03 0.
18.0E-03 0.
func intpl_r cpf_$1.posrfn
6.5E-03 0.
18.0E-03 0.
func intpl_r cpf_$1.zwfn
6.5E-03 0.
18.0E-03 0.
func intpl_r cpf_$1.zrfn
6.5E-03 0.
18.0E-03 0.
Declared Character*4 Default= 'yes'
BO2
- Defines the lateral spacing between the nominal running circles of the wheels.
For normal gauge 1435[mm], BO2 usually is 1500 [mm]
More input data related to the axle and rail geometry are:
IWHEEL_TO_ORIGO and
GAUGE_TO_ORIGO.
Declared Real*4 Default= 1500 [mm]
BO_MEASURED_AXLE
- Defines the lateral semi spacing between the two contact points on each wheel.
For normal gauge BO_MEASURED_AXLE should be 0.75.
Parameter BO_MEASURED_AXLE is used for estimating the bending of the
axle on which the profile measurements
WRFILE, WLFILE took place.
This input data is used when WRFILE and/or WLFILE
consists of measured data, and the axle was bending during the measurements due to applied vertical load.
How much the measured axle was bending is controlled in the input data R_MEASURED_AXLE
and FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
More input data related to the bending of the axle of the measured wheelset are:
CHI_MEASURED_AXLE,
R_MEASURED_AXLE,
BO_MEASURED_AXLE,
BL_MEASURED_AXLE and
FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0.75 [m]
BL_AXLE
- Defines the lateral semi spacing between the center of the
journals at the wheelset.
More input data related to the bending of the axle are:
R_AXLE,
BO2 and
R_WHEEL.
Declared Real*4 Default= 1. [m]
BL_MEASURED_AXLE
- Defines the lateral semi spacing between the center of the journals at the wheelset
on which the profile measurements
WRFILE, WLFILE took place.
This input data is used when WRFILE and/or WLFILE
consists of measured data, and the axle was bending during the measurements due to applied vertical load.
How much the measured axle was bending is controlled in the input data R_MEASURED_AXLE
and FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
This input data is used when WRFILE and/or WLFILE
consists of measured data, and the axle was bending during the measurements due to applied vertical load.
How much the measured axle was bending is controlled in the input data R_MEASURED_AXLE
and FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
More input data related to the bending of the axle of the measured wheelset are:
CHI_MEASURED_AXLE,
R_MEASURED_AXLE,
BO_MEASURED_AXLE,
BL_MEASURED_AXLE and
FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
Declared Real*4 Default= 1. [m]
C_FILE
- Output file for average radius of contact area c=sqrt(a*b).
The output is written into an ASCII-file,
and consists of the following columns:
1) Lateral displacement of wheelset
2) Average radius, contact area #1, left wheel
3) Average radius, contact area #2, left wheel
4) Average radius, contact area #1, right wheel
5) Average radius, contact area #2, right wheel
The output is canceled if C_FILE= ' ' (Space)
Declared Character*132 Default= ' '
CHI_MEASURED_AXLE
- Angle chi between a vertical line and the profile measuring device.
When using a measuring device e.g. miniprof, the device cannot be mounted directly under the wheelset.
Therefore often the measuring device is measuring the wheel profile in an angle chi relative to a
vertical line, which leads to that the rotation angle which is caused by applied vertical load on the
journals of the wheelset will be reduced to some extent.
This input data is used when WRFILE and/or WLFILE
consists of measured data, and the axle was bending during the measurements due to applied vertical load.
How much the measured axle was bending is controlled in the input data R_MEASURED_AXLE
and FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
More input data related to the bending of the axle of the measured wheelset are:
CHI_MEASURED_AXLE,
R_MEASURED_AXLE,
BO_MEASURED_AXLE,
BL_MEASURED_AXLE and
FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0.
CONN_BEG_RIGHT
- Lateral start displacement dy, when creating the
wheel/rail interconnection diagram.
For the right wheel and rail.
Declared Real*4 Default= -987.(which stands for auto)
CONN_BEG_LEFT
- Lateral start displacement dy, when creating the
wheel/rail interconnection diagram.
For the left wheel and rail.
Declared Real*4 Default= -987.(which stands for auto)
CONN_END_RIGHT
- Lateral start displacement dy, when creating the
wheel/rail interconnection diagram.
For the right wheel and rail.
Declared Real*4 Default= -987.(which stands for auto)
CONN_END_LEFT
- Lateral start displacement dy, when creating the
wheel/rail interconnection diagram.
For the left wheel and rail.
Declared Real*4 Default= -987.(which stands for auto)
DYEFFCON
- Vector containing wheelset lateral amplitudes for which wheelset conicities shall be calculated.
The results for the different lateral amplitudes are presented in the diagrams:
LAMBDA,
KAPPA,
EPS and
RollAC.
Declared Real*4(100) Default= 100*0.
E_MODULUS
- The combined modulus of elasticity in wheel and rail.
Declared Real*4 Default= 2.e11
FZHR
- Vertical load used for smoothening the surface of the wheel and the rail,
and the bending of the axle causing a rotation and a translation of the
wheel profile.
Declared Real*4 Default= 70.e3
FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE
- Vertical wheel load under which the wheelset was subjected to when the measurements
of the wheel profiles WRFILE,
WLFILE took place.
This input data is used when WRFILE and/or WLFILE
consists of measured data, and the axle was bending during the measurements due to applied vertical load.
More input data related to the bending of the axle of the measured wheelset are:
CHI_MEASURED_AXLE,
R_MEASURED_AXLE,
BO_MEASURED_AXLE,
BL_MEASURED_AXLE and
FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
Declared Real*4 Default= 70.e3
FI_AXLE_FILE
- Output file for the rolling motion of the axle.
When the axle translates laterally over the track,
the axle performs a rotation around the X-axle.
To file FI_AXLE_FILE is the rotation angle in [rad] v.s.
lateral displacement [mm], printed to a ASCII-file consisting
of two columns.
The output is canceled if FI_AXLE_FILE= ' ' (Space)
Declared Character*132 Default= ' '
FITEPS
- Permitted maximum error between calculated points and regression curve adapted
according to the min square value method.
Declared Real*4 Default= .25e-2
GAUGE_TO_ORIGO
- The distance from the gauge measuring point of the rail to the nominal running circle on the rail.
More input data related to the axle and rail geometry are:
BO2 and
IWHEEL_TO_ORIGO.
Declared Real*4 Default= 32.5 [mm]
HFIL
- The input data file for the wheel profile.
If the wheel- and rail- profile is defined in HFIL and RFIL,
the two wheels of the wheelset is considered to be equal
and only one set of wheel-rail geometry functions is written to the output file
KPFR_FILE.
If the wheel profiles are defined in WRFILE and
WLFILE, two sets of wheel-rail geometry functions
will be written to the output file,
one for the right wheel and one for the left wheel.
Lines in HFIL beginning with the # character are treated as comments.
For more information please look for file extension .wheel.
Declared Character*132 Default= ' ' (Space)
IWHEEL_SPACING
- The distance between the inside of the wheels in a wheelset.
The input data variable is used for calculate the flange thickness of the wheel.
If both WPROF_LAT_SHIFT and IWHEEL_SPACING has been given in input data, the user
can simulate a wheel mounted in an offset position on the axle.
More input data related to the axle and rail geometry are:
BO2,
WPROF_LAT_SHIFT and
IWHEEL_TO_ORIGO.
Declared Real*4 Default= 1360 [mm]
IWHEEL_TO_ORIGO
- The distance from the inside of the wheel to the nominal running circle of the wheel.
More input data related to the axle and rail geometry are:
BO2 and
GAUGE_TO_ORIGO.
Declared Real*4 Default= 70 [mm]
I2KP
- Flag, governing the calculation of two point contact.
The I2KP-variable can be given the following values:
| 0 |
= |
Calculation of wheel-rail geometry functions with one-point contact approximation.
|
| 1 |
= |
Calculation of wheel-rail geometry functions with two-point contact approximation.
In this mode the border between tread and flange must be given in the input
data variable YH2CP.
|
| 2 |
= |
Calculation of wheel-rail geometry functions with two-point simultaneous contact approximation.
Program KPF automatically detects the different contact surfaces.
In this mode the input data variable Y_CP1
controls for which wheelset lateral shift tread point contact should be present.
|
| 3 |
= |
Calculation of wheel-rail geometry functions with three-point simultaneous contact approximation.
Program KPF automatically detects the different contact surfaces.
In this mode the input data variable Y_CP1
controls for which wheelset lateral shift cp1-point contact should be present.
|
Declared Integer*4 Default= 3
IDENT1, IDENT2, IDENT3
- Three ident lines that are written to the output list and to plots.
Declared Character*80 Default= Blank
IBORDER
- Flag, indicating how the boundaries on rail- and wheel profiles shall be treated.
IBORDER can be given the following values:
| 0 |
= |
Yields that the entire contact pressure must be within the boundaries that are given by the profiles.
When the contact pressure in the contact surface reaches a boundary,
the calculation is interrupted, and thereby the wheel-rail geometry function.
|
| 1 |
= |
Permits the contact pressure to reach the inner edge of the rail.
The boundary that interrupts the wheel-rail geometry function will be governed by the boundary of
the wheel flange (when the flange hits the inner edge).
|
Declared Integer*4 Default= 0
INTP_STEP
- Lateral steps when moving the axle over the track.
The wheel-rail geometry functions are generated by moving
the axle over the track in small steps.
The lateral steps should be small, in order to make it
possible for program KPF to decide if there is one or
multiple point contact.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0.02 [mm]
IPLOT_GRID
- Flag controlling the plotting of grid patterns.
| -1 |
= |
Suppresses plotting a grid pattern. |
| 0 |
= |
Plot a frame around the diagram. |
| >0 |
= |
Plots a grid line every 0.5*IPLOT_GRID [cm]. |
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
IPLOT_LTHICK
- Setting the line thickness in the output diagrams.
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
IPLOT_SIGMA
- Flag controlling the plotting of the size of the contact point and the maximum contact pressure.
When calculating the size of the contact point and the maximum contact pressure,
the radius of wheel is read from the input data parameter R_WHEEL
and the contact force is read from the input data parameter FZHR .
However these diagrams are not transfered to the CALC-program.
During analysis in program CALC the wheel radius ro_
and the actual wheel/rail contact force will be used when evaluating the actual
size and contact pressure in the contact area.
These three diagrams generated by IPLOT_SIGMA shuld only be considered as extra information.
IPLOT_SIGMA can be given the following values:
| 0 |
= |
Suppresses plotting of the above described diagrams. |
| 1 |
= |
Plots the size of the contact area and maximum contact pressure. |
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
IPLOT3
- Flag controlling the plotting of the wheel/rail-connection diagrams
and the contact pressure diagrams.
IPLOT3 can be given the following values:
| 0 |
= |
Suppresses plotting of the above described diagrams. |
| 1 |
= |
Plot only the wheel/rail-connection diagrams. |
| 2 |
= |
Plot the wheel/rail-connection diagram and
a contour plot of the contact pressure. |
| 3 |
= |
Plot the wheel/rail-connection diagram and
a number of small diagrams showing the wheel/rail-contact pressure
v.s. lateral displacement of the wheelset. |
| 4 |
= |
Plot the wheel/rail-connection diagram and a contour plot and
small diagrams showing the wheel/rail-contact pressure. |
Declared Integer*4 Default= 2
IPLOTG
- Flag controlling the plotting of wheel and rail geometries.
IPLOTG can be given the following values:
| 0 | = |
Suppresses plotting of the wheel and rail geometries.
|
| 1 | = |
Plots the wheel and rail geometries.
|
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
IPLOTK
- Flag controlling the plotting of wheel/rail-geometry functions.
IPLOTK can be given the following values:
| 0 | = |
Suppresses plotting of wheel/rail-geometry functions.
|
| 1 | = |
Plots all wheel/rail-geometry functions.
|
| 2 | = |
Plots only the conicity diagram LAMBDA.
|
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
IROLL
- Flag governing if the roll motion of the wheelset shall be considered or not.
The roll motion of the axle can be written into result file FI_AXLE_FILE.
IROLL can be given the following values:
| 0 | = |
The roll motion of the wheelset is not considered.
|
| 1 | = |
The roll motion of the wheelset is considered.
|
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
IZERO
- Flag that tells if the wheel-rail geometry functions DRFN and ZFN shall be forced
to be zero when the lateral displacement between wheel and rail is zero.
IZERO can be given the following values:
| 0 | = |
DRFN and ZFN intercept the origin when DRFN or ZFN are plotted toward
the lateral displacement between wheel and rail.
|
| 1 | = |
No impact on the curves. The wheel radius and the wheel lift are
plotted with the values that wheel and rail data provide.
|
Declared Integer*4 Default= 0
KPFR_FILE
- Output file for the generated wheel-rail geometry functions.
The output is canceled if KPFR_FILE= ' ' (Space)
Declared Character*132 Default= '$ident.kpfr'
KPFR_TYPE
- Type of kpfr-file to be written.
Until release.0703 only two simultaneous contact areas per wheel was possible to take into consideration.
In newer releases of GENSYS three or more simultaneous contact areas are possible.
In previous releases of GENSYS the contact area was named cpt for contact point tread
and cpf for contact point flange.
In rel.0803 and newer releases of GENSYS the contact areas are denoted cp1, cp2 and cp3
The main calculation program CALC in GENSYS handle several contact areas,
however current release of KPF only generates three simultaneous contact areas per wheel.
For backward compatibility reasons the user can choose the names of the wheel/rail-geometry functions.
KPFR_TYPE can be given the following two values:
| cpt |
= |
The wheel/rail-geom functions are named: cpt and cpf.
|
| cp1 |
= |
The wheel/rail-geom functions are named: cp1, cp2 and cp3.
|
Declared Character*4 Default= 'cp1'
LAMBDA_FILE
- Conicity table output file.
The same information which are printed in the header of diagram LAMBDA
can also be written to an ASCII-file.
Gauges for which calculations are carried out is explained under GAUGE_EFFCON.
Lateral amplitudes for the wheelset are defined under DYEFFCON.
The output is canceled if LAMBDA_FILE= ' ' (Space)
Declared Character*132 Default= ' '
POISSON
- The combined Poisson's ratio in wheel and rail.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0.3
POSTFI
- Graphical output file to be sent to the printer.
The default extension of the file depends on chosen graphical
format, in command ILASER.
Declared Character*80 Default= '$ident.ext'
PRE_CONTACT_P
- Wheelset angle of attack written to file pre_contactf.
If this command has been defined in input data, program kpf will generate an input data file for program pre_contact.
N.B. The left wheel will be analyzed in pre_contact.
For a stiff bogie with flange wear, angle PRE_CONTACT_P should be negative.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0. [mRad]
PRE_CONTACT_Y
- Wheelset lateral displacement written to file pre_contactf.
If this command has been defined in input data, program kpf will generate an input data file for program pre_contact.
N.B. The left wheel will be analyzed in pre_contact,
if you are interested in flange contact conditions PRE_CONTACT_Y should be negative.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0. [mm]
R_AXLE
- Defines the radius of the axle of the wheelset.
This input data is used for calculating the static bending of the axle due
to static vertical load applied in the journals.
The bending of the axle tilts the wheels, causing a rotation av a translation
of the wheel profile.
More input data related to the bending of the axle are:
BO2,
BL_AXLE and
R_WHEEL.
The bending of the axle of the wheelset is only considered if
R_AXLE is given a value less than 1.e20.
Declared Real*4 Default= 1.e30 [m]
R_LAT_FILE
- Output file for the lateral radiuses in the contact point.
The output is written into an ASCII-file,
and consists of the following columns:
1) Lateral displacement of wheelset
2) Lateral radius, contact area #1, left wheel
3) Lateral radius, contact area #2, left wheel
4) Lateral radius, contact area #3, left wheel
5) Lateral radius, contact area #1, left rail
6) Lateral radius, contact area #2, left rail
7) Lateral radius, contact area #3, left rail
8) Lateral radius, contact area #1, right wheel
9) Lateral radius, contact area #2, right wheel
10) Lateral radius, contact area #3, right wheel
11) Lateral radius, contact area #1, right rail
12) Lateral radius, contact area #2, right rail
13) Lateral radius, contact area #3, right rail
The output is canceled if R_LAT_FILE= ' ' (Space)
Declared Character*132 Default= ' '
R_MEASURED_AXLE
- Defines the radius of the axle on the wheelset on which the actual
wheel profiles was measured on.
This input data is used for calculating the static bending of the axle
on which the wheel profiles WRFILE and WLFILE was measured on.
Program KPF will remove the rotation of the wheel profiles due to that
the wheelset was subjected to a vertical load during the measurements of
the wheel profiles.
This input data is used when WRFILE and/or WLFILE
consists of measured data, and the axle was bending during the measurements due to applied vertical load.
More input data related to the bending of the axle of the measured wheelset are:
BO_MEASURED_AXLE,
BL_MEASURED_AXLE and
FZHR_MEASURED_AXLE.
The bending of the axle of the measured wheelset is only considered if
R_MEASURED_AXLE is given a value less than 1.e20.
Declared Real*4 Default= 1.e30 [m]
R_WHEEL
- Defines the nominal radius of the wheels on the wheelset.
The nominal radius of the wheels is the radius measured on the nominal running circle of the wheels.
The nominal running circle is described in more detail under Wheel profile input data.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0.5 [m]
RFIL
- Input data file containing the description of the rail profile.
If the wheel- and rail- profile is defined in HFIL and RFIL,
the two wheels of the wheelset is considered to be equal
and only one set of wheel-rail geometry functions is written to the output file
KPFR_FILE.
If the rail profiles are defined in RRFILE and
RLFILE, two sets of wheel-rail geometry functions
will be written to the output file,
one for the right wheel and one for the left wheel.
Lines in RFIL beginning with the # character are
treated as comments.
For more information please look for file extension .rail.
Declared Character*132 Default= Blank
RLFILE
- The input data file for the left rail profile.
If RLFILE not is defined, RFIL will be used.
Lines in RLFILE beginning with the # character are
treated as comments.
For more information please look for file extension .rail.
Declared Character*132 Default= RFIL
RRFILE
- The input data file for the right rail profile.
If RRFILE not is defined, RFIL will be used.
Lines in RRFILE beginning with the # character are
treated as comments.
For more information please look for file extension .rail.
Declared Character*132 Default= RFIL
SIGMA_FILE
- Output file for maximum contact stress.
The output is written into an ASCII-file,
and consists of the following columns:
1) Lateral displacement of wheelset
2) Max. contact stress, contact area #1, left wheel
3) Max. contact stress, contact area #2, left wheel
4) Max. contact stress, contact area #3, left wheel
5) Max. contact stress, contact area #1, right wheel
6) Max. contact stress, contact area #2, right wheel
7) Max. contact stress, contact area #3, right wheel
The output is canceled if SIGMA_FILE= ' ' (Space)
Declared Character*132 Default= ' '
GAUGE_EFFCON
- Vector containing different gauges for which wheelset conicities shall be calculated.
The results for the different gauges are presented in the following diagrams:
RR-RL,
UIC519,
LAMBDA,
KAPPA,
EPS and
RollAC.
All other diagrams produced by KPF are presented at nominal track gauge.
Declared Real*4(20) Default= 1431, 1435, 1439 mm
SYMBOLS_CPF
- Symbols to be plotted at each calculation point; contact point #2.
Following values are valid:
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
SYMBOLS_CPF_KPFR
- Symbols to be plotted at each point in the wheel-rail geometry function; contact point #2.
Same values as in SYMBOLS_CPF are valid.
Declared Integer*4 Default= 3
SYMBOLS_CPT
- Symbols to be plotted at each calculation point; contact point #1.
Same values as in SYMBOLS_CPF are valid.
Declared Integer*4 Default= 1
SYMBOLS_CPT_KPFR
- Symbols to be plotted at each point in the wheel-rail geometry function; contact point #1.
Same values as in SYMBOLS_CPF are valid.
Declared Integer*4 Default= 3
UIC519_FILE
- UIC519 conicity table output file.
The same information which are printed in the header of diagram
UIC519
can also be written to an ASCII-file.
Gauges for which calculations are carried out is explained under GAUGE_EFFCON.
Lateral amplitudes for the wheelset are defined under DYEFFCON.
The output is canceled if UIC519_FILE= ' ' (Space)
Declared Character*132 Default= ' '
WPROF_LAT_SHIFT
- Lateral shift of the wheel profile.
With this input data the user can simulate a wheel with thicker or thinner flange.
A positive value in WPROF_LAT_SHIFT will give a wheel with a thicker flange.
If both WPROF_LAT_SHIFT and IWHEEL_SPACING has been given in input data, the user
can simulate a wheel mounted in an offset position on the axle.
More input data related to the axle and rail geometry are:
BO2,
IWHEEL_SPACING and
IWHEEL_TO_ORIGO.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0 [mm]
WLFILE
- The input data file for the left wheel profile.
If WLFILE not is defined, HFIL will be used.
Lines in WLFILE beginning with the # character are treated as comments.
For more information please look for file extension .wheel.
Declared Character*132 Default= HFIL
WRFILE
- The input data file for the right wheel profile.
If WRFILE not is defined, HFIL will be used.
Lines in WRFILE beginning with the # character are treated as comments.
For more information please look for file extension .wheel.
Declared Character*132 Default= HFIL
X_MID
- Sets the value of the X-axis at the midpoint of the axis,
for all wheel-rail geometry functions.
Declared Real*4 Default= 0.
XINT/CM
- Sets the scale factor in X-direction,
for all wheel-rail geometry functions.
Declared Real*4 Default= 2.
Y_CP1
- Lateral shift of wheelset, where tread point contact is present, left and right side.
Declared Real*4 Default= -18,-18
YH2CP
- Lateral coordinate on the wheel which separates the tread contact
surface from the flange contact surface.
If one argument is given after command YH2CP the same separation
coordinate will be used for both wheels.
If two arguments are gives after command YH2CP, the first argument
defines the separation coordinate on the left wheel and the second
argument defines the separation coordinate on the right wheel.
Command YH2CP will only be read if input data variable I2KP has
been set equal to 1.
Declared Real*4(2) Default= 70., 70.
EOF
- Command which terminates further input data reading.
Error messages
More wheel and/or rail coordinates needed
This message indicates that the part of the wheel and/or rail that have been digitized is to small,
making the area of penetration to cover the entire range that have been given.
This makes it impossible for the program to calculate any curves.
To ensure that there is information enough available about the profiles,
the program demands that the outermost points on the wheel or rail not are parts of the penetration area.
If so would be allowed there could be more point further out that also should be taken into account.
RYZH has been smaller then RYZR at some occasion and has at that occasion been set to RYZR+1
(i.e. two point contact)
It may happen that the digitalization of the profiles becomes slightly rough,
which could lead to a higher curvature of the wheel profile becomes larger then the curvature of
the rail profile at the point of contact.
In reality, the lateral curvature of the rail is always larger then the wheel curvature,
at least in the contact area.
That is the reason why the program assumes that wheel and rail curvatures are very close
to each other around the contact point.
Output data
The output data of the program consists of plots and a result file.
The plots show the wheel-rail geometry functions for all lateral displacements
between wheel and rail.
The wheel-rail geometry functions are stored on result file named in KPFR_FILE.
A description of the generated plots:
-
Wheel/rail-profiles ,
if IPLOTG= 1
Draws the shape of the wheel and rail profiles.
Both sides of the wheelset are shown.
-
Contour contact pressure ,
if IPLOT3= 2 or 4
A diagram showing the contact pressure between wheel and rail projected on the wheel surface.
Different colors stands for different contact pressures,
thus forming a contour plot over the contact pressure,
for all possible lateral positions of the wheelset.
-
Contact pressure ,
if IPLOT3= 3 or 4
A number of diagrams showing the contact pressure between wheel and rail projected on
the wheel surface.
At the same time the contact pressure also works as weighting functions when calculating
the wheel-rail geometry functions.
By aid of this plot, it can be determined if two-point contact occurs and how serious it is.
The vertical line marks the nominal running circle of the wheel.
If I2KP is set equal to 2 or 3 program KPF will automatically detect
the different contact surfaces.
Above each contact surface a number will be printed, showing the number of the contact surface.
-
Wheel/rail interconnections ,
if IPLOT3 > 0
The diagram indicates the center of the contact point on wheel and rail.
Lines between wheel and rail, indicates possible points which can be in contact.
-
Roll angle of wheelset
A diagram showing the X-rotation of the wheelset for different lateral positions
-
DRFN,
if IPLOTK = 1
Wheel rolling radius change versus wheel/rail relative lateral displacement (eta).
-
GAMFN,
if IPLOTK = 1
Angle of contact surface versus wheel/rail relative lateral displacement (eta).
The angle is related to the horizontal plane.
-
ZFN, if IPLOTK = 1
The vertical wheel lift versus wheel/rail relative lateral displacement (eta).
-
ROFN, if IPLOTK = 1
The difference in lateral curvature between the contact surfaces of wheel and rail
versus wheel/rail relative lateral displacement (eta).
This function is used to calculate the semi-axis relationship of the contact ellipse.
-
POSWFN, if IPLOTK = 1
The lateral position of the contact point on the wheel.
POSWFN is calculated via the mean value of all points between wheel and rail,
in contact with each other. The same weighting function as for DRFN, GAMFN and ZFN is used.
-
POSRFN, if IPLOTK= 1
The lateral position of the contact point on the rail.
POSRFN is calculated via the mean value of all points between wheel and rail,
in contact with each other. The same weighting function as for DRFN, GAMFN and ZFN is used.
-
C
if IPLOT_SIGMA= 1
The geometric mean of the contact ellipse semi-axes a and b. c= sqrt(a*b)
The curve will be written into an ASCII-file if input data
C_FILE has been given a value.
-
A/B
if IPLOT_SIGMA= 1
The ratio of the contact ellipse semi-axes a and b.
-
SIGMA
if IPLOT_SIGMA= 1
Maximum contact stress according to Hertz.
The curve will be written into an ASCII-file if input data
SIGMA_FILE has been given a value.
-
RR-RL,
if IPLOTK = 1
Roll radius difference between left and right wheel, as a function of
wheel/rail lateral displacement.
Gauge and/or width of wheelset is used for parameterization.
-
UIC519 ,
if IPLOTK = 1 or 2
The wheelset effective conicity according to UIC519, as a function of wheelset lateral displacement.
Verification of program KPF according to UIC519 and EN15302.
-
LAMBDA ,
if IPLOTK = 1 or 2
The wheelset secant conicity, as a function of wheelset lateral displacement.
-
KAPPA ,
if IPLOTK = 1 or 2
Coefficient of contact angle difference, as a function of wheelset lateral displacement.
The coefficient of contact angle difference indicates how strong the gravitational stiffness is,
and is defined as:
-
EPS ,
if IPLOTK = 1
Contact angle difference parameter, as a function of wheelset lateral displacement.
The contact angle difference parameter is defined as:
-
RollAC ,
if IPLOTK = 1
Roll angle coefficient, as a function of wheelset lateral displacement.
The roll angle coefficient is defined as:
Examples:
Example 1)
Masterfile for a typical calculation of wheel-rail geometry.
The same wheel- and rail- profiles are used on both sides.
##
## Input data for program KPF
##
ident1= 'Right wheel:S1002t32.5.wheel Left wheel:S1002t32.5.wheel',
hfil = '$genkpf/../w_prof/S1002/S1002t32.5.wheel',
ident2= 'Right rail:uic60 incl.1/40 Left rail:uic60 incl.1/40',
rfil = '$genkpf/../r_prof/uic60/uic60i40.rail',
iscren= 0, # Select screen display
ilaser= 6, # Select laser printer output
fzhr = 70000 # Vertical load on contact surface when evaluating the
# wheel-rail geometry functions.
ident3='wprof_lat_shift= 0 Gauge= 1425-1441'
kpfr_type= 'cp1'
bo2 = 1500. # Nominal contact patches distance
gauge_to_origo= 32.5 # Gauge measuring point to nom.running circle(origin), lateral distance
wprof_lat_shift= 0. # Wheel profile lateral shift, positive outwards
iwheel_spacing= 1360. # Inside wheels lateral spacing
iwheel_to_origo= 70. # Inside wheel to nom.running circle(origin), lateral distance
iplotg= 1, # Plot of the wheel and rail geometry
iplot3= 4, # Connection plot and contour contact pressure
iplotk= 1, # Plot the wheel-rail geometry functions
iborder= 1 # Don't stop the calculation if the rail profile file has
# unsufficent data describing the inside of the rail head.
izero = 0 # Zero-set DRKP and ZKP at eta=0.
fiteps= .25e-2 # Set the accuracy how well the wheel-rail geometry
# functions shall be fitted to the calculated points.
gauge_effcon= 1425 1427 1429 1431 1433 1435 1437 1439 1441
dyeffcon=.1,.5,2,3,4,6 # Amplitudes for which the conicity shall be printed
# in the conicity diagram
# i2kp= 0 # One-point contact
# i2kp= 1 yh2cp=25,25 # Manual setting of two-point contact
# i2kp= 2 # Automatic detection of two-point contact
i2kp= 3 # Automatic detection of three-point contact
##
## Considering the roll angle of the wheel profiles due to a flexible axle
## the following data must be supplied.
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------
r_axle = 1e30 # Radius of the axle
# r_axle = 0.08 # Radius of the axle
bl_axle= 1. # Lateral distance to the journal
r_wheel= 0.50 # Radius of the wheels.
r_measured_axle = 1e30 # Radius of the measured axle
# r_measured_axle = 0.08 # Radius of the measured axle
bo_measured_axle= 0.75 # Lateral distance to the contact point
bl_measured_axle= 1. # Lateral distance to the journal
fzhr_measured_axle= 70000 # Static wheel load on measured axle
chi_measured_axle= 0.1745 # Pitch angle between a vertical line and
# the measuring device [rad]
Example 2)
Masterfile for a typical calculation of wheel-rail geometry.
Different wheel- and/or rail- profiles on left and right side.
##
## Input data for program KPF
##
ident1= 'Right wheel:S1002t32.5.wheel Left wheel:S1002t32.5.wheel',
wrfile= '$genkpf/../w_prof/S1002/S1002t32.5.wheel', # Different profiles
wlfile= '$genkpf/../w_prof/S1002/S1002t32.5.wheel', # on the two wheels
ident2= 'Right rail:uic60 incl.1/40 Left rail:uic60 incl.1/40',
rrfile= '$genkpf/../r_prof/uic60/uic60i40.rail', # Different profiles
rlfile= '$genkpf/../r_prof/uic60/uic60i40.rail', # on the rails
iscren= 0, # Select screen display
ilaser= 6, # Select laser printer output
fzhr = 70000 # Vertical load on contact surface when evaluating the
# wheel-rail geometry functions.
ident3='wprof_lat_shift= 0 Gauge= 1425-1441'
kpfr_type= 'cp1'
bo2 = 1500. # Nominal contact patches distance
gauge_to_origo= 32.5 # Gauge measuring point to nom.running circle(origin), lateral distance
wprof_lat_shift= 0. # Wheel profile lateral shift, positive outwards
iwheel_spacing= 1360. # Inside wheels lateral spacing
iwheel_to_origo= 70. # Inside wheel to nom.running circle(origin), lateral distance
iplotg= 1, # Plot of the wheel and rail geometry
iplot3= 4, # Connection plot and contour contact pressure
iplotk= 1, # Plot the wheel-rail geometry functions
iborder= 1 # Don't stop the calculation if the rail profile file has
# unsufficent data describing the inside of the rail head.
izero = 0 # Zero-set DRKP and ZKP at eta=0.
fiteps= .25e-2 # Set the accuracy how well the wheel-rail geometry
# functions shall be fitted to the calculated points.
gauge_effcon= 1425 1427 1429 1431 1433 1435 1437 1439 1441
dyeffcon=.1,.5,2,3,4,6 # Amplitudes for which the conicity shall be printed
# in the conicity diagram
# i2kp= 0 # One-point contact
# i2kp= 1 yh2kp=25,25 # Manual setting of two-point contact
# i2kp= 2 # Automatic detection of two-point contact
i2kp= 3 # Automatic detection of three-point contact
##
## Considering the roll angle of the wheel profiles due to a flexible axle
## the following data must be supplied.
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------
r_axle = 1e30 # Radius of the axle
# r_axle = 0.08 # Radius of the axle
bl_axle= 1. # Lateral distance to the journal
r_wheel= 0.50 # Radius of the wheels.
r_measured_axle = 1e30 # Radius of the measured axle
# r_measured_axle = 0.08 # Radius of the measured axle
bo_measured_axle= 0.75 # Lateral distance to the contact point
bl_measured_axle= 1. # Lateral distance to the journal
fzhr_measured_axle= 70000 # Static wheel load on measured axle
chi_measured_axle= 0.1745 # Pitch angle between a vertical line and
# the measuring device [rad]
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