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Tutorial BoBo-vehicle

• Introduction
• Download the example
• Examine directory "intro_tutor_3_bobo_pe3"
• View the vehicle in program RUNF_INFO
• View the vehicle in program GPLOT
• Perform a modal analysis of the vehicle
• Perform a modal analysis taking car-body structural flexibility into account
• Make a simulation on tangent track at 340[km/h].
• Find the non-linear critical speed of the vehicle.
• Make a simulation through a curve, without track irregularities.
• Make a simulation through a curve, with track irregularities and in-line post processing.
• Estimate average wear over a longer track section.

Introduction

An example of a complete railway vehicle. A description of the different parts of the model can be found in Description of a rail road vehicle model.

Bo'Bo' is the denotation of the axle arrangement classification according to UIC (also known as German classification). For further information please see: Wikipedia. The denotation Bo'Bo' means there are two bogies under the unit and each bogie has two powered axles individually driven by traction motors. This axle arrangment is today the most common arrangement in modern locomotives.

The connection between wheels and rails can be modeled in many different ways. In this tutorial func wr_coupl_pe3 has been used.

Download the example

• Download the tar-file intro_tutor_3_bobo_pe3.tgz
• List the contents of the tar-file with "tar tvfkz intro_tutor_3_bobo_pe3.tgz"
• Extract the contents of the tar-file with "tar xvfkz intro_tutor_3_bobo_pe3.tgz"

Examine the directory "intro_tutor_3_bobo_pe3"

• The input data files for program TSIM (time-domain simulation) is located in subdirectory runf.
• In order to see the contents of subdirectory runf double-click subdirectory runf, and all files in the runf-subdirectory will appear in the File area to the right.
• Open the master input data file for editing by double-clicking the runf/Master.runf-file and select open->op with the right mouse button in the window background menu.

Examine the vehicle in program RUNF_INFO

Program RUNF_INFO is a program which lists how masses and couplings in the model are linked together. Program RUNF_INFO is controlled by an input data file which is described in the RUNF_INFO users manual.

• Create an input data file for program RUNF_INFO

• Open and examine the newly created file by double-clicking the runf_infof-directory in the "Subdirectory Area".
  The "File Area" now shows the contents of the runf_infof-directory. Double-click the input data file in the "File Area" and select File -> Open from the pulldown menu.

• Execute program RUNF_INFO

• Program RUNF_INFO creates the following files:

  calc.out	=	Memory dump of all variables in the model
  diags/runf_info.ps	=	A two-dimensional plot, showing how all bodies connects to each other
  runf_infor/Master.runf_infor	=	An ASCII-file containing text information about the model

  Examine the files by double-clicking on them and select open->op with the right mouse button.

• The first graph in file diags/runf_info.ps:
  
  Horizontal boxes are masses.
  Vertical boxes are couplings.

The files calc.out, runf_infor/Master.runf_infor and diags/runf_info.ps can now be closed.

View the vehicle in program GPLOT

Program GPLOT is a graphic program showing a three dimensional view of the vehicle.
Start program GPLOT with the file runf/Master.runf by:

• Double-click directory runf/ in the subdirectory text field
• Double-click file runf/Master.runf in the file text field
• Press the Gplot–pushbutton

In the GPLOT-window the mouse buttons are defined as:

• Mouse button #1(left) zooms the model
• Mouse button #2(middle) rotates the model
• Mouse button #3(right) moves the model

If you zoom in to a bogie you can see that all couplings have a hot-spot. If you press the hot-spot with mouse button #1 you will get information of that specific coupling. Below is a close up of the first bogie of the vehicle:

Close the GPLOT-window, before continuing with the next section.

Perform a modal analysis of the vehicle

Program MODAL calculates all possible modes of vibration in the model. Number of modes are as many as the number of equations in the model. A low damped mechanical system of one degree of freedom has two complex conjugated eigenvalues. A high damped mechanical system of one degree of freedom has two real eigenvalues, both eigenvalues are negative. A self oscillating mechanical system is a system where the real part of the eigenvalue is positive.
Before the modal analysis starts, program MODAL linearizes the nonlinear equations by an amplitude defined in command modal_param.
Make a modal analysis of the vehicle:

• Copy the file runf/Master.runf to runf/modalRigid.modalf, by giving the command
  cp runf/Master.runf runf/modalRigid.modalf
  in the "Command Input Area".
• Open the new file by double-clicking on runf/modalRigid.modalf and select open->op with the right mouse button.
• Change line from:

    func  const    vkmh= 160                          # Speed in km/h
  

  To:

    func  const    vkmh= 300                          # Speed in km/h
  

• In order to make sure that we have the correct contact forces between wheel and rail, it is advisable to use results from QUASI as initial values into program MODAL. Change line from:

  #  pre_process=  'quasi $CURRENT_FILE'
  

  To:

     pre_process=  'quasi $CURRENT_FILE'
  

  
  Change lines from:

  ###                                                                     
  ###     Initial values                                                  
  #[-]{   ================================================================
  # if_then_char_init CalcType .eq. TSIM  .or.
  #                   CalcType .eq. MODAL
  #  initval read_gpdat gp/$IDENT.gp 1
  # endif
  #[-]}    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  

  To:

  ###                                                                     
  ###     Initial values                                                  
  #[-]{   ================================================================
    if_then_char_init CalcType .eq. TSIM  .or.
                      CalcType .eq. MODAL
     initval read_gpdat gp/$IDENT.gp 1
    endif
  #[-]}    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  

• After the changes has been done press Save with the right mouse button
• Launch program MODAL by clicking Gensys -> Run Current File in the pulldown menu.
• A pop-up menu will appear in order to let you select different command line arguments. Start the job by clicking the OK-button.
• In the output from program MODAL you can see that a number of files has been created:

  id/modalRigid.id	MPdat-file for plotting in MPLOT
  gp/modalRigid.gp	GPdat-file for animation in GPLOT
  calcmod/modalRigid.mode	mode-file containing all eigen values
  calcmod/modalRigid.modf	modf-file containing all eigen forms
  calcmod/modalRigid.modjac	modjac-file for linear analysis

• Open a file by double-clicking the file and select open->op with the right mouse button.
  N.B. You will notice that file id/modalRigid.id is unformatted. Instead of opening the file directly it will be filtered through program mp2ascii. A popup-menu will appear where you can choose how to translate file id/modalRigid.id.
• Start program GPLOT, by double-clicking file runf/modalRigid.modalf and press the Gplot–pushbutton.
  • To read the eigenvalues and modal shapes into program GPLOT, select File->read_gpdat from the pulldown menu. Double-click file gp/modalRigid.gp.
  • When program GPLOT has read the file gp/modalRigid.gp, a picture of mode #1 will be shown.
  • Click on Deform->draw_deform in the pulldown menu, in order to see a list of all available eigen modes.
  • Double-click a mode of vibration having a relative damping less than 100%.
  • Many modes are highly damped. If the damping of the mode exceeds 100% the mode does not have a harmonic solution, instead the solution is exponential.
  • Eigen modes having a relative damping less than 100% are complex valued eigen modes. Each complex valued eigen modes consists of two complex conjugated value pairs. Where one of the modes has a positive eigen frequency and the other has a negative eigen frequency.
    In the Deform->draw_deform–menu only modes with a positive eigen frequency has been listed. Modes of vibration having a negative eigen frequency has been removed.
  • Start animation by pressing the Fwd–pushbutton
  • Eigenmodes can also be changed with the Next and Prev pushbuttons in the pull-down menu.
• An alternative way of starting program GPLOT with the modalRigid-model is to write the following command:
  gplot runf/modalRigid.modalf gp/modalRigid.gp &
  Now both files are read into GPLOT during its startup phase.

Show animation of the lower sway mode of the BoBo-vehicle:

Find the following mode shapes in the vehicle:

Close the GPLOT-window, before continuing with the next section.

Perform a modal analysis taking car-body structural flexibility into account

Results from a modal analysis in a FEM-program of a car-body at free-free conditions are stored in the subdirectory patranr. This example shows how to take car-body structural flexibility into account:

• Copy file runf/modalRigid.modalf into runf/gplot_id.modalf by giving the command:
  cp runf/modalRigid.modalf runf/gplot_id.modalf
  (If you not have the runf/modalRigid.modalf-file, please go to section Perform a modal analysis of the vehicle)
• Double-click file runf/gplot_id.modalf and select open->op with the right mouse button.
• Run program NPICK inside program MODAL by doing the following changes in file runf/gplot_id.modalf:
  
  Change the lines from:

  #   pre_process=  'sed "s!runf/Master.runf!$CURRENT_FILE!" npickf/flex_car.npickf > npickf/$IDENT.npickf'
  #   pre_process=  'npick npickf/$IDENT.npickf'
  

  To:

      pre_process=  'sed "s!runf/Master.runf!$CURRENT_FILE!" npickf/flex_car.npickf > npickf/$IDENT.npickf'
      pre_process=  'npick npickf/$IDENT.npickf'
  

  
  In order to model the car-body as a flexible body in program QUASI and MODAL change the lines from:

  ###                                                                                                     
  ###     Read input data for flexible masses                                                             
  #[-]{   ================================================================                                
  # if_then_char_init CalcType .ne. NPICK
  #  insert file npickr/$IDENT.npickr
  # endif
  #[-]}    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  

  To:

  ###                                                                                                     
  ###     Read input data for flexible masses                                                             
  #[-]{   ================================================================                                
    if_then_char_init CalcType .ne. NPICK
     insert file npickr/$IDENT.npickr
    endif
  #[-]}    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  

• After the changes has been done press Save with the right mouse button
• Launch program MODAL by clicking Gensys -> Run Current File in the pulldown menu. Program NPICK and QUASI will automatically be executed within MODAL.
• If you open file calcmod/gplot_id.mode and compare its contents with file calcmod/modalRigid.mode, you can see that we now have got 6 more eigen modes. Since each equation of motion is a second order differential equation, it will lead to two new equations for each degree of freedom. The 6 new equations are named car_1.c1, car_1.c2, car_1.c3, car_1.v1, car_1.v2 and car_1.v3. Equation car_1.c1 tells us how much the first bending mode of the car-body is excited. Equation car_1.c2 tells us how much the torsional mode of the car-body is excited. Equation car_1.c3 tells us how much the second bending mode of the car-body is excited. The equations car_1.v1, car_1.v2 and car_1.v3 tells us the speed of the first bending mode, torsional mode and second bending mode, respectively.
• Start the GPLOT program, by writing:
  gplot runf/gplot_id.modalf gp/gplot_id.gp &
  • In order to change eigenmode: click on Deform->draw_deform in the pulldown menu or press the Next–pushbutton in the pull-down menu.
  • In order to start the animation, press the Fwd–pushbutton in the lower left corner of the window.

Show animation of the first bending mode of the car-body:

If you open the Deform->draw_deform popup menu. You will see that you have got 6 more eigen values, compared to the previous case modalRigid. These new equations arise from the three flexible modes added by program NPICK.

Find the following mode shapes in the vehicle:

Please close the GPLOT-window, before continuing with the next section.

Make a simulation on tangent track at 340[km/h].

• Copy file runf/Master.runf to runf/stab_340.tsimf by giving the following command:
  cp runf/Master.runf runf/stab_340.tsimf
• Open file runf/stab_340.tsimf and change the line from:

    func const vkmh= 160                         # Speed in km/h
  

  to:

    func const vkmh= 340                         # Speed in km/h
  

  
  
  Change the lines from:

  # initval set_var  car_1.vy= .15
  # initval set_var  car_1.vp= .15
  

  to:

    initval set_var  car_1.vy= .15
    initval set_var  car_1.vp= .15
  

• After the changes has been done press Save with the right mouse button
• Launch program TSIM by clicking Gensys -> Run Current File in the pulldown menu.
• Animate the time-domain simulation in GPLOT:
  • Double-click file runf/stab_340.tsimf and press the Gplot–pushbutton
  • Select File->read_gpdat from the pulldown menu
  • Double-click the gp/stab_340.gp-file
  • Select View->show_1_diag
  • Set the Deformation scale fact equal to 25 approximately
  • Click the Fwd–pushbutton
  • In order to step frame by frame in the animation, press the Next– or Prev–pushbutton in the pull-down menu.
  • Close the GPLOT-window
• Animate the time-domain simulation in GLPLOT:
  
  
  
  • Double-click file runf/stab_340.tsimf and press the Glplot–pushbutton
  • Select File->read_gpdat from the pulldown menu
  • Double-click the gp/stab_340.gp-file
  • Click the ->–pushbutton
  • In order to step frame by frame in the animation, press the +1– or -1–pushbutton in the pull-down menu.
  • Close the GLPLOT-window
• Plot the results in MPLOT running in interactive mode:
  • Press the Mplot–pushbutton
  • Select File->open mpdat-file in the pulldown menu
  • Double-click the stab_340-ident
  • Select Draw->curve from current ident in the pulldown menu
  • Write axl_122 in the upper Text-Field, and press return
  • In the upper Text-Field regular expressions apply.
    Very short manual:

    ^	The beginning of the line
    $	The end of the line
    [xy]	Matches both x and y.
    [a-z]	Matches all lower case letter.
    [0-9]	Matches all numbers.
    [^x]	Matches any character except x.
    .	Any character.
    *	Repeats the character in front of the *-sign, the character will be repeated zero or more times.
    \	Quote the next character. Example: if you are searching for a $-sign you must write \$ in the search expression.

  • Double-click the axl_122.y variable, which is the lateral position of last axle of the vehicle
  • Write bog_12 in the upper Text-Field, and press return
  • Double-click the bog_12.y variable, which is the lateral position of the last axle of the vehicle
  • Write car_1 in the upper Text-Field, and press return
  • Double-click the car_1.y variable, which is the lateral position of the car-body

  • Press the Undo–pushbutton or the Del-Key if you like to erase the last input
  • Press the New–pushbutton if you like to start plotting in a new page and keep all curves in current page.
  • Press the Edit–pushbutton if you like to change curves, grid, scales,,, etc. The following example changes the scale of the X-axle:
    • In the new window change xint/cm= auto to xint/cm= 0.2
    • Save the file by pressing Ctrl+S
    • In the MPLOT-window click the Reload–pushbutton
  • By clicking Draw->diagram # the drawing area can be divided into several smaller diagrams
  • Close the diagram editing file page1.mplotf
  • Close the MPLOT-window
• Plot the results by MPLOT in batch mode:
  • In the file mplotf/stab_batch.mplotf the same plot is stored as a batch job
  • Double-click the file mplotf/stab_batch.mplotf and press Ctrl+R
  • Select mode of operation to batch
  • Set ident1 equal to stab_340 and press the OK–-pushbutton
  • Answer Replace in the next pop-up window
  • Double-click file diags/stab_340.ps Select open->genrun with the right mouse button
  • Close the mgv-window

Find the non-linear critical speed of the vehicle.

• Copy file runf/Master.runf to runf/crit.tsimf by giving the following command:
  cp runf/Master.runf runf/crit.tsimf
• Open file runf/crit.tsimf and change the lines from:

  #
    func const vkmh= 160                         # Speed in km/h
  #
  # func const vkmh_deacc=  5                    # Deacceleration when calculating critical speed
  # func operp vkmh= 400 - vkmh_deacc * time     # Vary vkmh in order to calculate critical speed
  

  to:

  #
  # func const vkmh= 160                         # Speed in km/h
  #
    func const vkmh_deacc=  5                    # Deacceleration when calculating critical speed
    func operp vkmh= 400 - vkmh_deacc * time     # Vary vkmh in order to calculate critical speed
  

  
  
  Change the lines from:

  # initval set_var  car_1.vy= .15
  # initval set_var  car_1.vp= .15
  # force rel_lsys1  deacc_car_1    car_1   0 0 -hccg_1   -mc_1*vkmh_deacc/3.6   0. 0.  0. 0. 0.     # Deacceleration vkmh_deacc in [km/h/s]
  # force rel_lsys1  deacc_bog_11   bog_11  0 0 -hbcg_11  -mb_11*vkmh_deacc/3.6  0. 0.  0. 0. 0.     # as external forces
  # force rel_lsys1  deacc_bog_12   bog_12  0 0 -hbcg_12  -mb_12*vkmh_deacc/3.6  0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
  # force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_111  axl_111 0 0 -ro_111  -(ma_111+Jka_111/ro_111^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
  # force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_112  axl_112 0 0 -ro_112  -(ma_112+Jka_112/ro_112^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
  # force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_121  axl_121 0 0 -ro_121  -(ma_121+Jka_121/ro_121^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
  # force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_122  axl_122 0 0 -ro_122  -(ma_122+Jka_122/ro_122^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
  

  to:

    initval set_var  car_1.vy= .15
    initval set_var  car_1.vp= .15
    force rel_lsys1  deacc_car_1    car_1   0 0 -hccg_1   -mc_1*vkmh_deacc/3.6   0. 0.  0. 0. 0.     # Deacceleration vkmh_deacc in [km/h/s]
    force rel_lsys1  deacc_bog_11   bog_11  0 0 -hbcg_11  -mb_11*vkmh_deacc/3.6  0. 0.  0. 0. 0.     # as external forces
    force rel_lsys1  deacc_bog_12   bog_12  0 0 -hbcg_12  -mb_12*vkmh_deacc/3.6  0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
    force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_111  axl_111 0 0 -ro_111  -(ma_111+Jka_111/ro_111^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
    force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_112  axl_112 0 0 -ro_112  -(ma_112+Jka_112/ro_112^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
    force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_121  axl_121 0 0 -ro_121  -(ma_121+Jka_121/ro_121^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
    force rel_lsys1  deacc_axl_122  axl_122 0 0 -ro_122  -(ma_122+Jka_122/ro_122^2)*vkmh_deacc/3.6 0. 0.  0. 0. 0.
  

  
  
  Change the line from:

    tstop= 10.
  

  to:

    tstop= 40.
  

• After the changes has been done press Save with the right mouse button
• Launch program TSIM by clicking Gensys -> Run Current File in the pulldown menu.
• Double-click the file mplotf/critSpeedPlot.mplotf in the mplotf-directory.
• Launch program MPLOT by pressing Ctrl+R. Select ident crit
• Estimate the critical speed in the plot. In order to make the estimate more accurate, use the middle mouse button. When the middle mouse button is pressed the position of the mouse can seen in the text fields at the top of the window.
• Calculate the critical speed defined as max.track-shift force less than 2.5[kN], by double-clicking the file ./crit_bobo.bat and press Ctrl+R.
• If the instruction above has been followed the script ./crit_bobo.bat should give the following output:

  
  Ident               Critical speed
  -----------------------------------
  crit                    315.100000
  
  

Make a simulation through a curve, without track irregularities.

• Copy file runf/Master.runf to runf/R600ideal.tsimf by giving the following command:
  cp runf/Master.runf runf/R600ideal.tsimf
• Change lines from:

    func const CurveRadius=  1e99                 # Curve radius in [m]
    func const CurveCant=   0.000                 # Cant of track in [m]
  

  to:

    func const CurveRadius=   600                 # Curve radius in [m]
    func const CurveCant=   0.150                 # Cant of track in [m]
  

• Open file runf/R600ideal.tsimf and change the lines from:

    func const Y_cp= 0.65*sign(CurveRadius)       # lateral acc. in track plane
  # func const vkmh= 3.6*sqrt(CurveRadius*(Y_cp+CurveCant/(2*bo_)*9.81))
  #
    func const vkmh= 160                          # Speed in km/h
  

  to:

    func const Y_cp= 0.65*sign(CurveRadius)       # lateral acc. in track plane
    func const vkmh= 3.6*sqrt(CurveRadius*(Y_cp+CurveCant/(2*bo_)*9.81))
  #
  # func const vkmh= 160                          # Speed in km/h
  

  The speed vkmh will be automatically calculated giving a lateral acceleration of 0.65[m/s²] in the track plane.
• Change line from:

    tstop= 10.
  

  to:

    tstop= 24.
  

• After the changes has been done press Save with the right mouse button
• Launch program TSIM by clicking Gensys -> Run Current File in the pulldown menu.
• Animate the results in GPLOT by writing:
  gplot runf/R600ideal.tsimf gp/R600ideal.gp &
  
  • Set the Deformation scale fact equal to 10 approximately
  • Animate Contact forces by selecting View->show_4_diags from the pulldown menu
• Show animation in GPLOT:
  
• Animate the results in GLPLOT by writing:
  glplot runf/R600ideal.tsimf gp/R600ideal.gp &
• Show animation in GLPLOT:
  
• Display the results in MPLOT.
  Double-click the mplotf/-directory. Double-click the mplotf/Tsim_All_BoBo.mplotf-file in the right window. Select open->run with the right mouse button. In the MPLOT command line popup menu select ident R600ideal.
  In file mplotf/Tsim_All_BoBo.mplotf a number of plots are predefined, you can select plot with the radio-buttons to the right of the pulldown menu bar. The predefined plots are:
  
  1. Accelerations in car-body
  2. PCT Comfort on Curve Transitions
  3. Accelerations in car-body filtered according to UIC 518
  4. Y- and Q- forces filtered according to UIC 518
  5. Track-shift forces and Y/Q-ratios filtered according to UIC 518
  6. Wear Indexes
  7. Rolling Contact Fatigue Indexes
  8. Pantograph sway and risk for vehicle turnover
  9. Car-body displacements
  10. Bogie displacements
  11. Axle displacements
  12. Motions and forces in secondary stops

Make a simulation through a curve, with track irregularities and in-line post processing.

• Copy file runf/R600ideal.tsimf to runf/R600tirr.tsimf by giving the following command:
  cp runf/R600ideal.tsimf runf/R600tirr.tsimf
• Open file runf/R600tirr.tsimf and change line from:

  #  post_process= 'mplot mplotf/Tsim_All_BoBo.mplotf $IDENT'
  

  to:

     post_process= 'mplot mplotf/Tsim_All_BoBo.mplotf $IDENT'
  

  
  Change line from:

    func char ctrack_irreg=  Ideal_track
  

  to:

    func char ctrack_irreg=  track_V120a
  

• After the changes has been done press Save with the right mouse button
• Launch program TSIM by clicking Gensys -> Run Current File in the pulldown menu.
• Inspect the results from post processor MPLOT.
  In the end of the simulation you can see that three result files were generated mplotr/R600tirr.print, diags/R600tirr.ps and mplotr/R600tirr.resu. The files have the following contents:
  • mplotr/R600tirr.print
    Output of scalars defined in command print in the file mplotf/Tsim_All_BoBo.mplotf. In current example the file has the following contents:

    car_1.m.Nmv	Mean Comfort simplified according to CEN Technical
    car_1b1.Nmv	Committee 256 WG 7 and ERRI Question B 153.
    car_1b2.Nmv	At center of car-body, over bogie #1 and over bogie #2 respectively.
    S1_max	Max lateral track-shift force
    Y/Q_1_max	Max flange climb ratio
    bt1MIN	Min vehicle turnover ratio
    car_1b2.yMAX	Max pantograph sway over trailing bogie
    car_1b2.yMIN	Min pantograph sway over trailing bogie

  • diags/R600tirr.ps
    Plots written in postscript format.
    
  • mplotr/R600tirr.resu
    Result summaries from all FTWZ- and STAT- commands given in the mplotf/Tsim_All_BoBo.mplotf-file.
  Open and inspect the results by double-clicking the files and select open->op with the right mouse button.

Estimate average wear over a longer track section

• Copy file runf/Master.runf into runf/wear_quasi.quasif.
  cp runf/Master.runf runf/wear_quasi.quasif
• Open file runf/wear_quasi.quasif
• In order to calculate the speed for constant cant deficiency change the lines from:

  # func const vkmh= 3.6*sqrt(CurveRadius*(Y_cp+CurveCant/(2*bo_)*9.81))
  #
    func const vkmh= 160                          # Speed in km/h
  

  To:

    func const vkmh= 3.6*sqrt(CurveRadius*(Y_cp+CurveCant/(2*bo_)*9.81))
  #
  # func const vkmh= 160                          # Speed in km/h
  

• Move the vehicle to the circular part of the curve by changing the start position:

    lsys  e_abs_bendrf  esys_1    Vo        Xtrac_start-(2+aba_11+acb_1)
  

  To:

    lsys  e_abs_bendrf  esys_1    Vo        140
  

• Input data file optif/wear_quasi.optif will start program QUASI and evaluate the static wear for six different curve radiuses.
• Check the status of the jobs by clicking "Start -> Queue monitor" in the GENFILE-window.
• Wait until all calculations are finished.
• Run input data file mplotf/wear_cur_opti_scal.mplotf. The file will create a curve of wear v.s. curve radius.
  Example:
  
  When running file mplotf/wear_cur_opti_scal.mplotf there is not necessary to give an ident in the startup menu window. Because all idents are defined in the file.
  On the question MPdat-file "mplot_id.mp" exists answer Replace or Use it doesn't matter, because the mplot_id-ident is empty.
• Alternatively run input data file mtablef/wear_cur_opti_scal.mtablef. Program MTABLE will collect all results from all calculations and present the summary in a table.
  
  The two largest values in each column are marked with a red color. The two smallest values in each column are marked with a blue color. In program MTABLE limit values can be defined, values over the limit will be marked with a red bold font.
• Calculate the curve radius distribution of the track.
  Example:
  
• Multiply each bar in the histogram with the wear distribution, and a total average wear can be estimated.
• If you want to add more curve radiuses in the wear v.s. curve radius plot:
  • Open file optif/wear_quasi.optif
  • Add more cases under runf_subst
  • Rerun file optif/wear_quasi.optif with option Overwrite set equal to Append.
  • Do not change anything under runf_text, otherwise option Append cannot be used.